Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions. The word tissue comes from the Latin word “texere” meaning “to weave”. In multicellular organisms like plants and animals, tissues form the foundation of their structure and help in different functions such as protection, support, transportation, and reproduction.
In this article, we will study different types of tissues, their functions, examples, and differences in a simple way.
Table of Contents
Animal Tissues
Animal tissues are divided into four main types:
1. Epithelial Tissue:
Meaning: It is the protective tissue that
covers the body and internal organs.
Function:
Protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
Examples:
o Skin (outer layer)
o Lining of intestine (absorbs nutrients)
o Alveoli in lungs (gas exchange)
(a) Squamous Epithelium: It consists of flat cells.
Example: Buccal cavity, tongue, esophagous, broncules etc
(b) Columnar Epithelium: They are column in shape.
Example: Ileum
(c) Cubodial Epithelium: They are
cube shaped.
Example: Salivary gland, sweat gland
(d) Ciliated Epithelium: They have
cilia.
👉 Exam Tip: SSC
often asks which tissue lines the inner surface of organs →
Answer: Epithelial
tissue.
National Income and It's Measurement Fully Explained with Examples.
2. Connective Tissue:
Meaning: It connects, supports, and binds
other tissues and organs.
Types & Examples:
o Bone: Provides structural support. Example: Human skeleton.
o Cartilage: Flexible tissue. Example: Tip of nose, ear.
o Blood: Transports oxygen and nutrients. Example: Red Blood Cells (RBCs).
o Ligament: Connects bone to bone. Example: Knee joint.
o Tendon: Connects muscle to bone. Example: Heel tendon (Achilles).
Adipose Tissue: Found below skin and between internal organs.
Areolar Tissue: Found between the
skin & muscles, around blood vessels & nerves and in the bone marrow.
It helps in tissue repair.
👉 Note: Blood
is a connective tissue – a commonly asked UPSC question.
3. Muscular Tissue:
Meaning: Helps in movement by contracting
and relaxing.
Types:
o Striated Muscle (Voluntary): Found in arms, legs → under our control.
o Smooth Muscle (Involuntary): Found in stomach, intestine → not under control.
o Cardiac Muscle: Found in the heart → works continuously without rest.
👉 Example: When you run, striated muscles in legs help in movement; cardiac muscles keep pumping blood.
4. Nervous Tissue:
Meaning: Controls body activities through
messages (impulses).
Basic Unit:
Neuron (nerve cell).
Functions:
Transmits information from sense organs to brain and back to muscles.
Example:
Touching a hot object → skin sends message via nerves →
brain → hand pulls back.
👉 Article Link: Related to Article 21 of the Constitution (Right to Life), as healthcare involves understanding of body tissues.
Plant Tissues
Plant tissues are of two main types:
1. Meristematic Tissue:
Meaning: Made of actively dividing cells,
helps plants grow.
Types:
a.
Apical Meristem:
At root and shoot tips → increases length.
b. Lateral Meristem:
At sides → increases thickness.
c. Intercalary
Meristem: At nodes → helps in regeneration.
Example: Cutting of grass grows again because of intercalary meristem.
2. Permanent Tissue:
Once meristematic cells stop dividing, they form permanent tissues.
(a) Simple Permanent Tissue
(i)
Parenchyma: Living,
oral & spherical shape.
- Thin cell
wall.
- They are
loosely packed with large intercellular spaces.
- Stores food.
Example: Banana stem.
(ii) Collenchyma: Living, long, oral & Polyhedral shape.
- Thin cell
wall but covers have thickening of cellulose & pectin.
- Less intercellular space
- Provides
flexibility.
Example: Petiole of leaves.
(iii) Sclerenchyma: - Long, narrow, have sharp ends.
- No
intercellular space.
- Thin cell walls, made of cellulose &
lignin.
- Provides hardness.
Example:
Coconut husk.
(b) Complex Permanent Tissue
(a)
Xylem:
Transports water and minerals.
- Water conducting cells known as Tracheids.
Example: Roots to leaves.
(b) Phloem: Transports food.
- Sieve plates found in Phloem tube cells.
Example: Leaves to other parts.
👉 Exam
Tip: SSC often asks which
tissue carries food in plants → Answer: Phloem.
Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens: Notes & MCQ Quiz.
Difference Between Plant Tissue and Animal Tissue:
|
Feature |
Plant Tissue |
Animal Tissue |
|
Growth |
Localized (meristems) |
Uniform (all over body) |
|
Types of Tissue |
Meristematic & Permanent |
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous |
|
Transport System |
Xylem & Phloem |
Blood & Lymph |
|
Repair |
Limited |
Faster due to active cells |
|
Example |
Xylem carries water |
Blood carries oxygen |
Share
this blog with your friends preparing for government exams and bookmark it for
revision. For more such easy notes, explore our other posts.
No comments:
Post a Comment